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Ideal seasons, Water maintenance and Flora
There are two special
seasons to visit the park, first is monsoon which is breeding
season of many of its resident
and local migratory birds.
The other is winter when the long distance migrants come from thousand
of kilometers from eastern Europe, Siberia and central Asia. They migrate with full accuracy
to this tiny patch in the Gangetic plains unfailing every year.
The main migratory routes into India run down the
valleys of the Indus in the west
and Brahmputra in the
east, others fly straight over Himalayas or the Hindu kush.Towards
the south of park lies Koladahar where scrubs gradually thin out
and give way to broad expanse of grassland with few groves of
mature trees, reed bed and further marsh. It is habitat of
Black bucks, Larks, Buntings, Short toed
eagles , Black
winged kites. Heron and
Egrets. The Open bill stork arrive first and soon the trees are
full of variety of nesting birds such as Egrets, Herons, Cormorants,
Ibis, Spoonbills and Painted stork. When the eggs begin
to hatch the environs of the park is filled with noise of hungry
nestling and parental activity multiplies. Fishing increase to
a large scale with Cormorants and Egrets traversing marshes in
the flocks, driving the fishes before them.
Eagles
and Harriers Glide overhead,
seeking opportunity for piracy. Once the nesting is complete
and water level drops
most of the birds fly
out of the park to seek more plentiful sources of food in aquatic
bodies elsewhere.
The Park is dependent
partly on rainfall for the maintenance of it's vegetation,
lakes and marshes and partly on
the supply of water through
Ajan Dam hardly 0.5 km from the park. The water is drawn into
the park through a canal and the dam itself is fed by the water
of rivers Gambhir through Pichuna canal
and Ban ganga through
ucchain canal. The water
of both rivers is becoming increasingly deficient due to
the growing human pressure on irrigation uncertain and scanty
rains and further the construction of Pachana
dam on the river Gambhir has aggravated the situation.
The flora includes trees , shrubs , herbs,
grasses, climbers and hydrophytes. The
major trees include Azadirachta indica, Acacia niolotica,
Ficus bengalensis, Ficus religiosa, Mitragyna
parvifolia, Pongamia glabra, Zizyphus sp, Tamarindus indicus ,
Salvadora persica, Salvadora oleoides,
Prosopis cinereria, Dalbergia etc.The shrubs include Capparis,
Adathoda, Argimone, Cassia, Lantana Ipomea,
and Calotropis etc. The climbers like Cuscuta,
Tinospora, Cocinia, the grasses like Veteveria
(Khas) and Cynodon and the hydrophytes like Azolla,
Hydrilla, Typha, Nymphoea,
Eichornia, Polygonum, Ceratophyllium etc. are very
common. As many as 392 species of angiosperms belonging to 254
genera and 81 families have been reported.
